Centrifugal clutch

ABSTRACT

A centrifugal clutch includes a housing which is rotatable about an axis, the housing having a plurality of first supporting areas which each extend radially with respect to the axis; a pressing plate which is axially movable with respect to the housing and is coupled to the housing for rotation about the axis; and a supporting member which is axially movable with respect to the housing, the supporting member having a plurality of second supporting areas which each extend radially with respect to the axis, each second support area being separated from a respective first support area by an axial distance which decreases with radial distance from the axis. A plurality of centrifugal members are supported between respective pairs of first and second support areas, each the centrifugal member being radially displaceable by centrifugal force along the respective pair of support areas to exert force in a clutch engaging direction along a force transmission path between the supporting element and the pressing plate. The supporting member is guided through a guide arrangement during axial movement of the supporting member with respect to the housing.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0001] 1. Field of the Invention

[0002] The present invention is directed to a centrifugal clutchcomprising a housing arrangement, a pressing plate which is coupled withthe housing arrangement so as to rotate together with the housingarrangement around an axis of rotation and is movable in the directionof the axis of rotation, a supporting member which is movable axiallywith respect to the housing arrangement, and a plurality of centrifugalmembers, each of which is supported with respect to the housingarrangement in a first supporting area extending radially from inside tooutside and is supported with respect to the supporting member in asecond supporting area extending radially from inside to outside. Anaxial distance between the first supporting area and the secondsupporting area of a pair of supporting areas associated with eachcentrifugal member decreases radially from inside to outside, and everycentrifugal member is radially displaceable by centrifugal force alongthe pair of supporting areas associated with it.

[0003] 2. Description of the Related Art

[0004] A friction clutch which can be activated by centrifugal force isknown from DE 30 19 377 A1. By means of this known centrifugal clutch, aflywheel which is otherwise freely rotatable is suddenly coupled to acrankshaft of an internal combustion engine when a determined limitingspeed of the flywheel is reached in order to generate a drive torquewhich cranks this crankshaft and accordingly starts the internalcombustion engine. The roller elements acting as centrifugal members aresupported with respect to a housing associated with the flywheel on theone hand and with respect to a plate-like supporting element on theother hand, these two structural component parts or structural componentgroups having supporting areas which approach one another in radialdirection toward the outside. The plate-like supporting element which isnot otherwise supported in the entire arrangement is supported in axialdirection at a plate spring that is secured axially in its radial outerarea with respect to the flywheel and, therefore, also with respect tothe housing. This plate spring in turn acts upon the pressing plate inaxial direction, namely, in the present case, by means of another platespring. Accordingly, these two plate springs permanently generate aforce which pretensions the supporting element in the releasingdirection so that it is also ensured that the centrifugal members arepositively pretensioned toward the radial inside and held in theirradial innermost position when there is no centrifugal force applied.

[0005] Due to this substantially loose arrangement of the plate-likesupporting element, slight manufacturing inaccuracies or inaccuratepositioning can have the result that the different centrifugal membersdo not move radially outward in a uniform manner when a slight tiltingmovement occurs. The centrifugal members are pressed radially outward toa greater extent in those places where the supporting element is at agreater distance from the housing than in other areas due to slighttilting and the centrifugal members are therefore also exposed togreater centrifugal force. This leads to a more sharply inclinedposition and to a correspondingly asymmetric action upon the pressingplate. Consequently, on the one hand, an uneven loading of the pressingplate may possibly occur and, on the other hand, variations may begenerated in the transmission of torque which could result in a grabbingof the clutch.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0006] It is the object of the present invention to further develop acentrifugal clutch of the type mentioned above in such a way that it hasa uniform torque transmission characteristic that is substantiallyunaffected by movement inaccuracies.

[0007] According to the invention, a guide arrangement is providedthrough which the supporting member is guided with respect to thehousing arrangement for carrying out a displacing movement in axialdirection.

[0008] The guide arrangement which is to be provided, according to theinvention, predetermines a defined movement for that member which ispositively displaced axially by the application of centrifugal force tothe centrifugal members and which cooperates directly with thesecentrifugal members, specifically, a defined movement only in axialdirection. Tilting with respect to the housing arrangement, that is,tilting of the second supporting areas with respect to the firstsupporting areas, can be prevented. It is ensured that all centrifugalmembers are displaced radially in a uniform manner and are accordinglyalso subjected to substantially the same centrifugal force.

[0009] For example, it can be provided in the centrifugal clutchaccording to the invention that the guide arrangement comprises a firstguide member at the housing arrangement and a second guide member at thesupporting member, the second guide member being displaceable in axialdirection with respect to the first guide member. It is suggested that abearing arrangement acts between the first guide member and the secondguide member in order to oppose with as few energy losses as possiblethe axial displacement of the supporting member which occurs withincreasing centrifugal force and which is also required.

[0010] The first guide member and/or the second guide member can beconstructed in the manner of a sleeve, for example, in order to providea telescoping arrangement.

[0011] In a particularly preferred embodiment form of the centrifugalclutch, it can be provided that the supporting member comprises asupporting element which is constructed separate from the pressing plateand which is coupled with the pressing plate through an arrangement forthe transmission of actuating force in order to transmit actuatingforce. In this connection, it is further suggested that the actuatingforce transmission arrangement exerts a force on the supporting elementacting in the releasing direction so that a force acting radially inwardon the centrifugal members in the basic state, i.e., also in the statein which no centrifugal force is applied, can be provided for thedifferent centrifugal members.

[0012] In an alternate variant, the pressing plate can form thesupporting member; that is, the centrifugal members are substantiallysupported directly at the pressing plate or at second supporting areasprovided at the latter and, further, the pressing plate is guided forcarrying out an exclusively displacing movement with respect to thehousing. In this case, pretensioning members can also be provided, thatis, e.g., lifting springs or the like which pretension the pressingplate in the clutch engaging position and accordingly pretension thecentrifugal members radially inward.

[0013] Other objects and features of the present invention will becomeapparent from the following detailed description considered inconjunction with the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood,however, that the drawings are designed solely for purposes ofillustration and not as a definition of the limits of the invention, forwhich reference should be made to the appended claims. It should befurther understood that the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scaleand that, unless otherwise indicated, they are merely intended toconceptually illustrate the structures and procedures described herein.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014]FIG. 1 is a view in longitudinal sectional through a pressureplate assembly for a friction clutch;

[0015]FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a supporting element;

[0016]FIG. 3 is a detailed view of the pressure plate assembly shown inFIG. 1 with an axial movement stop for a pressing plate;

[0017]FIG. 4 is a sectional view through a roller element which is usedin the pressure plate assembly of FIG. 1;

[0018]FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the roller element shown in FIG.4;

[0019]FIG. 6 is a perspective view of an assembly of the supportingelement shown in FIG. 2 with a guide sleeve which is fixedly connectedto the latter;

[0020]FIG. 7 shows a partial longitudinal section through the assemblyshown in FIG. 6;

[0021]FIG. 8 is a force-path diagram which shows the engagement forcesoccurring in the pressure plate assembly in FIG. 1 as a function of theadjusting path or radial path of the roller elements; and

[0022]FIG. 9 is a rotational speed-pressing force diagram which showsthe pressing forces occurring as a function of the rotational speed inthe pressure plate assembly in FIG. 1.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PRESENTLY PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0023]FIG. 1 shows a pressure plate assembly 10 for a centrifugalclutch, according to the invention, which can be used, for example, inconnection with an automatic transmission. The pressure plate assembly10 comprises a housing arrangement 12, which in turn has two housingparts 14, 16 which are fixedly connected or connectable to one another.The substantially cup-like, annular housing part 14 is designed in oneaxial end area, on the left-hand side in FIG. 1, to be fixedly connectedto a flywheel. The housing part 16 substantially covers the central areathat is left open by a base area 18 of the housing part 14. The twohousing parts 14, 16 can be fixedly connected to one another by aplurality of screw bolts 20, rivet bolts, by welding or in some othermanner.

[0024] An annular pressing plate 22 is received in the housingarrangement 12, particularly in the housing part 14. This pressing plate22 is coupled by tangential leaf springs or the like, not shown, withthe housing part 14 for common rotation around the axis of rotation Aand for relative movement with respect to the housing arrangement 12 indirection of the axis of rotation. Further, these springs, not shown,generate a lifting force for the pressing plate which acts upon thepressing plate in the direction away from the flywheel and in thedirection into the housing arrangement 12 or on the housing part 16thereof. A clutch disk 24 which is indicated schematically only in theupper part of FIG. 1 lies between the flywheel, not shown, and thepressing plate 22. A hub area 26 of the clutch disk 24 can be connectedto the transmission input shaft or the like on the radial inner side soas to be fixed with respect to rotation relative to the lafter. Twofriction linings 28, 30 are supported on the radial outer side of thishub area 26 by means of a lining spring arrangement 32, 34,respectively. Accordingly, in the engaged state of the friction clutch,these lining spring arrangements 32, 34 also generate a force which actson the pressing plate 22 in the direction into the housing arrangement12 and reinforces the action of the lifting springs, not shown.

[0025] An actuating force transmission element 38 which is constructedas a diaphragm spring is supported in axial direction at the base area18 of the housing part 14 by a wire ring 36. A snap ring 40 or othersecuring member can be provided at the housing part 14 to support thisactuating force transmission element 38 or diaphragm spring in the otheraxial direction. As will be described in the following, the forceexerted by this diaphragm spring 38 is so designed that this forceitself acts in the releasing direction, that is, the spring tongues 42which are located on the radial inner side or which face the radialinner side generate a force in the direction away from the pressingplate 22.

[0026] On the radial inner side of the support with respect to thehousing part 14, the diaphragm spring 38 is supported at the pressingplate 22 by a wear compensation device 44. This wear compensation device44 comprises, for example, a compensating ring 46 which is supported, bymeans of wedge surfaces or ramp surfaces 45 extending in circumferentialdirection, at corresponding wedge surfaces or ramp surfaces of thepressing plate 22 or possibly at a second compensating ring which isshaped in a complementary manner. A pretensioning spring 48 which isoriented substantially in circumferential direction is associated withthe compensating ring 46, fastened to the compensating ring 46 on oneside and to the pressing plate 22 on the other side and accordingly actsupon the compensating ring 46 for rotation in circumferential direction.If the compensating ring 46 were able to follow this action, therelative rotation between it and the pressing plate 22 would result inan increased axial distance between a friction surface 50 of thepressing plate and a support area 52 of the compensating ring 46 inwhich the latter is acted upon by the diaphragm spring 38. Accordingly,when relative rotation of the compensating ring 46 relative to thepressing plate 22 occurs or is made possible, wear occurring in the areaof the friction linings 28, 30 or in other areas of the friction clutchor pressure plate assembly 10 can be compensated.

[0027] The wear compensation device 44 further has at least one andpreferably a plurality of axial movement limiting members 54 which canbe seen in FIG. 3. Each of these axial movement limiting members 54comprises a sleeve element 56 which is, in principle, movable in thehousing part 14 in direction of the axis of rotation A but is heldagainst this movement by means of frictional engagement or correspondingclamping. This sleeve element 56 is inserted in an associated opening 58of the housing part 14 in such a way that a displacement thereof inaxial direction can only occur through a corresponding expenditure offorce. The sleeve element 56 is penetrated by a stop pin 60 which isfastened to the pressing plate 22 by one end area and which has, in itsother end area, an expanded head area 62 which is located on the otheraxial side of the sleeve element 56 with respect to the position of thepressing plate 22. The portion of the pin 60 located between thepressing plate 22 and the head area 62 is dimensioned so as to besomewhat longer than the sleeve element 58. In this way, the pressingplate 22 can be displaced together with the pin 60 to a certain degreewith respect to the sleeve element 58 and accordingly also with respectto the housing part 14. When the pressure plate assembly 10 is new orhas not yet been impaired by wear, the expanded head area 62 willcontact the sleeve element 56 or is at only a very small distance fromthe latter when carrying out an engagement process or when in theengaged state, while the existing lifting clearance is then present atthe other side between the pressing plate 22 and the sleeve element 56.When the clutch is changed to the disengaged state by a correspondingreleasing of the diaphragm spring 38, the pressing plate 22 follows thereleasing movement of the diaphragm spring 38 under the influence of thelifting springs, not shown, or lining spring arrangements 32, 34, sothat the subassembly comprising the pressing plate 14 and compensatingring 46 is clamped in with respect to the diaphragm spring 38, and thecompensating ring 46 can accordingly not yet rotate. It is only when thepressing plate 22 is prevented from further axial movement by abuttingat the sleeve element 56 and when the diaphragm spring 38 is movedfarther axially away from the pressing plate 22 that the compensatingring 46 can rotate, that is, far enough so that it compensates for theplay occurring through further continuous movement of the diaphragmspring 38 in the direction away from the pressing plate 22. This occurswhen the pressing plate 22 must be moved further in the direction of theflywheel beforehand in case of wear and the pin 60, with its expandedhead area 62, has displaced the sleeve element 56 with respect to thehousing part 14 to a degree corresponding to the existing wear. In asubsequent disengaging process with correctly adjusted clutch, thediaphragm spring 38 is moved in axial direction farther than thepressing plate 22 which is prevented from this movement by the sleeveelement 56, as was already described, by exactly this extent ofdisplacement of the sleeve element 46. In this way, the wear that wasdetected beforehand through the displacement of the sleeve element 56can be compensated in an exact manner.

[0028] Of course, other wear compensation mechanisms known from theprior art can be used in the pressure plate assembly 10 according to theinvention, although the construction described above is particularlysuitable for this purpose due to its simple design.

[0029] The pressure plate assembly 10 according to the invention and thefriction clutch having this pressure plate assembly are the type inwhich the pressing forces or the forces required for engagement aregenerated by centrifugal force, as will be described in detail in thefollowing. For this purpose, the pressure plate assembly 10 has aplurality of roller elements 64 which are arranged in circumferentialdirection so as to be distributed around the axis of rotation A and actas centrifugal members. Each of these roller elements 64 is supported ata first supporting area 66 formed at the housing part 16 and at a secondsupporting area 70 formed at a plate-like supporting element 68 and canmove radially outward along this associated pair of supporting areas 66,70 with increased speed and a corresponding increase in centrifugalforce. Accordingly, each supporting area 66, 70 constitutes a rollingtrack or guide path for the associated roller element 64. It can be seenthat the axial distance between these respective supporting areas 66, 70decreases radially from the inside to the outside. In this way, arelative angle of inclination is formed between the respectivesupporting areas 66, 70 associated with a roller element 64, whichensures that the plate-like supporting element 68 is displaced axially,namely, in the direction of the pressing plate 22, by a wedge actionwhich occurs when the roller elements 64 are displaced radially outward.One or more pins 17 for preventing rotation is/are provided at thehousing part 16 and penetrate the plate-like supporting element 68 in anassociated opening and accordingly ensure that this plate-likesupporting element 68 is only displaceable, but not rotatable, withrespect to the housing part 16, and the supporting areas 66, 70associated with a roller element 64 remain oriented exactly relative toone another in circumferential direction.

[0030] The construction of this plate-like supporting element 68 androller elements 64 will be described in more detail in the followingwith reference to FIGS. 2 and 4 to 7.

[0031] First, FIG. 2 shows the plate-like supporting element 68 with itssix second supporting areas 70 which are arranged in a star-shapedmanner, that is, so as to extend substantially radially. Each of thesesupporting areas 70 is formed by a stepped recess 78 which is defined ontwo circumferential sides by a guide wall 72, 74 and has a continuinggroove-like recess 76 in a base area.

[0032] Each roller element 64 has a central roller element 80 with alarger diameter and two lateral roller elements 82, 84 which arepositioned on both sides of the central roller element 80, have aslightly smaller diameter than the central roller element 80 and arefixedly connected to one another by a shaft part 86. The shaft part 86is rotatably supported by a roller body bearing, e.g., a needle bearing88, at the central roller element 80, so that the central roller element80 and the lateral roller elements 82, 84 are substantially freelyrotatable with respect to one another. Rolling paths 91, 93 are formedrespectively at both sides of the respective continuing recess 76 in therecesses 78 which essentially provide the second supporting areas 70,while the central roller element 80 does not have an axial supportinginteraction with the supporting element 68 due to the depth of therecess 76. A circumferential guide for the roller elements 64 isprovided by the walls 72, 74 which are so dimensioned that, althoughthey decrease in height from inside to outside radially, the length bywhich they project over respective roller paths 91, 93 corresponds atleast to the radius of the lateral roller elements 82, 84 and ispreferably greater than this radius in all radial areas. An unwantedlateral or circumferential tilting of the roller elements 64 canaccordingly be reliably prevented. The support with respect to thehousing arrangement 12 or the first supporting areas 66 formed at thehousing part 16 is carried out by means of the central roller element80, as is shown in FIG. 1, which can roll along the inner surface of thehousing part 16. Because of the rolling movement of the central rollerelement 80 at the housing part 16 on the one hand and of the lateralroller elements 82, 84 at the supporting element 68 on the other hand,which rolling movements are essentially independent of one another dueto the uncoupling of rotation by means of the bearing 88, a radialdisplacement which is substantially free from the effects of friction inthe area of interaction between the roller elements 64 and thesupporting element 68 and the housing part 16 can take place whencentrifugal forces occur.

[0033] In order to ensure that all roller elements 64 are displacedradially to the same extent and are therefore subject to the samecentrifugal force in the pressure plate assembly according to theinvention in the rotational state, the supporting element 68 which is tobe displaced axially under the influence of such centrifugal forces alsocarries out an exact axial displacement and does not tilt, since tiltingwould have the result that the roller elements 64 would move radiallyoutward farther than, and would therefore also be subjected to a stillgreater centrifugal force than, other roller elements in the area inwhich the supporting element 68 and the housing part 16 are at a greaterdistance from one another. This would additionally reinforce tilting. Inorder to prevent this, the plate-like supporting element 68 is fastenedto a guide sleeve 90 as is shown in FIGS. 6 and 7. This guide sleeve 90has, in an end area, a flange area 92 extending outward radially towhich the supporting element 68 is fastened together with a ring 94 byscrew bolts 96 or the like. The spring tongues 42 of the diaphragmspring 38 which acts as an actuating force transmitting element issupported at this ring 94 in axial direction. The guide sleeve 90 isguided with the intermediary of a sleeve-like sliding bearing element 96so as to be moveable axially at a support sleeve 98 which is fixedlyconnected to the housing part 16 by riveting or the like. Thecomparatively long axial extension of the sleeve portions 100 and 102 ofthe guide sleeve 90 and support sleeve 98 and a correspondingly precisefit in cooperation with the sliding bearing element 96 ensures that theguide sleeve 90 is guided substantially exactly for carrying out anaxial displacement and substantially can not tilt with respect to theaxis of rotation A. In a corresponding manner, the plate-like supportingelement 68 can substantially only be axially displaced, so that the riskof tilting of this structural component part is essentially nonexistentbecause of the exact guidance. This provides the additional advantagethat a correspondingly tight fit can also be provided in the radialouter area between the outer circumference of the plate-like supportingelement 68 and a cylindrical portion 104 of the housing part 16 whichencloses this radial outer area. In this way, with a correspondingclosed construction of the supporting element 68, a substantiallyencapsulated volume area 106 can be produced in which the rollerelements 64 can be displaced radially. On the one hand, this appreciablyreduces the risk of impurities entering the area of the supporting areas66, 70; on the other hand, it is possible to provide lubricant in thisvolume area which further reduces the friction forces occurring duringthe radial displacement of the roller elements 64. In order to achieveeven better sealing in this respect, it is possible to insert betweenthe radial outer area of the supporting element 68 and the cylindricalportion 104 of the housing part 16 a ring-shaped seal which, forexample, is displaceable with the supporting element 68 and can slidealong the housing part 16.

[0034] In the assembled state of the pressure plate assembly 10 shown inFIG. 1, the diaphragm spring 38 is held under pretensioning. This meansthat it contacts the ring 94 and accordingly ensures, due to therelative inclination of the two supporting areas 66, 70 associated witha respective roller element 64, that a force acting to pretension theroller elements 64 toward the radial inner side is generated so thatthese roller elements 64 contact the sleeve portion 102 of the supportsleeve 98 on the radial inner side in the neutral or rest state. Thisprovides a defined installation position for the diaphragm spring 38 inthe released state in which centrifugal force are not active. This isimportant because it predetermines a defined basic position for theoperation of the wear compensation device 44 and also for the positionof the guide sleeve 56 at the housing part 14. In this released state,as was already mentioned, the action of the lifting spring arrangementensures that the wear compensation device 44 is held in a definitemanner between the pressing plate 22 and the diaphragm spring 38 so thatan unwanted rotation of the compensating ring 46 can not occur.

[0035] When the system is set in rotation, the roller elements 68 aredisplaced radially outward under the action of centrifugal force. As aresult, through the action upon the spring tongues 42 of the diaphragmspring 38, the latter acts upon the pressing plate 22 by way of thecompensating ring 46 and the pressing plate 22 is accordingly displacedaxially with respect to the housing part 14. On the one hand, theengaging force which is generated by the roller elements 64 in that theyare acted upon by centrifugal force acts against the diaphragm spring 38which is pretensioned in the releasing direction and, on the other hand,against the force that is produced through the lifting springarrangement and likewise directed in the releasing direction. Thisadditional force is appreciably smaller than the force generated by thediaphragm spring 38. When there is a sufficient displacement of thepressing plate 22, which entails a corresponding radial displacement ofthe roller elements 64, the friction surface 50 of the pressing plate 22will come into contact with the friction lining 30 when the clutch slippoint is reached, while the friction lining 28 will come into contactwith the flywheel, not shown. When this state is reached, a couplingtorque is transmitted between the pressing plate 22 and the flywheel,which is connected to the latter so as to be fixed with respect torotation relative to it, and the clutch disk. As the engagement forcecontinues to increase, this coupling torque will increase as a result ofa continued radial displacement of the roller elements 64. When theengagement force increases in this way, the roller elements 64 mustcontinue to work against the influence of force which is generated bythe lining spring arrangements 32, 34 and which likewise acts upon thepressing plate 2 in the releasing direction. When a certain thresholdrotational speed is reached, the roller elements 64 arrive in a radialouter area of the supporting areas 66, 70. In this radial outer area108, supporting areas 66 have a smaller relative inclination withrespect to supporting areas 70. As a result, the force which acts uponthe roller elements 64 radial inwardly in principle due to the reactionforces described above and due to the wedge effect decreasesspontaneously and the roller elements 64 are therefore suddenly movedradially outward until they reach their end position, for example, byabutting at the cylindrical portion 104 of the housing part 16.

[0036] The manner of operation of the pressure plate assembly accordingto the invention which has already been discussed above and the mannerof operation of a friction clutch having this pressure plate assemblywill be described in more detail in the following with reference toFIGS. 8 and 9. First, FIG. 8 shows a graph illustrating the forces whichoccur in the pressure plate assembly 10 and which are to be applied bythe roller elements 64 for implementing an engagement process dependingon the engagement path which corresponds to a corresponding radial pathof the roller elements 64. This graph shows a force characteristic lineK which illustrates the force characteristic of the diaphragm spring 38.Assuming an actuation path or deformation path of zero, whichcorresponds to a completely relaxed state of this spring, the reactionforce F generated by this spring is likewise zero. As the actuation pathincreases, this force increases. It can be seen clearly that thegradient of the rise decreases as the adjusting path W increases in theclutch engagement direction until the maximum required or occurringadjusting path is reached but is not negative. This means that there isa constant rise of the reaction force of the diaphragm spring 38 overthe entire active adjusting path; however, the extent of the rise peractuating path unit decreases as the fully engaged position isapproached.

[0037] An adjusting path 0′ is defined by the pretensioned installedposition of the diaphragm spring 38 as was already described in thepreceding; this adjusting path 0′ corresponds to the fully releasedstate of the pressure plate assembly 10 shown in FIG. 1. Accordingly, inthis state the diaphragm spring 38 already generates reaction forceF_(v). This means that the action upon the roller elements 64 caused bycentrifugal force at the start of rotation must initially be of such amagnitude that the axial application of force upon the supportingelement 68 generated by these roller elements 64 must reach F_(v), alsotaking into account the relative angle of inclination of the supportingareas 66, 70, before a radial displacement of the roller elements 64 anda corresponding axial displacement of the supporting element 68 canoccur at all. When the rotational speed has become sufficiently high,the diaphragm spring 38 is increasingly tensioned through gradualdisplacement of the roller elements 64 radially outward, whichcorresponds to the force curve A₁ in FIG. 8 between actuation path 0′and actuation path SP that is reached when the roller elements 64 havecovered somewhat more than one fourth of their maximum radial path. SPdesignates the slip point, that is, that state after which the clutchstarts to transmit a torque through the frictional interaction describedin the preceding.

[0038] In addition to the above-mentioned reaction force of thediaphragm spring 38 and the lifting force, the counterforce generated bythe lining spring arrangements 32, 34 also becomes effective when theslip point SP is reached. As a result, the force curve to be applied bythe roller elements 34 when acted upon by centrifugal force now followsa segment A₂ which rises with respect to the characteristic line K ofthe diaphragm spring 38. Accordingly, the reaction forces generated bythe diaphragm spring 38 on one side and the lining spring arrangements32, 34 on the other side are superimposed. It should be noted once againin this connection that the action of the lifting spring arrangement isnot taken into account in this instance due to the comparatively smallcontribution of force. With continued application of centrifugal forceand displacement of the roller elements 64 radially toward the outside,the force which is to be applied or which is provided by the latterincreases and reaches a value F_(max) at position 1/1 which is theradial outermost position of the roller elements 64. This is the forceapplied by the roller elements 64 in the fully engaged state of theclutch.

[0039] Further, the graph in FIG. 8 shows a curve A₃ between theactuation path or actuation position SP (slip point) and an imaginaryslip point SP′, as well as a curve A₄ between this imaginary slip pointSP′ and the fully engaged position, that is, the actuation path 1/1.These two segments A₃ and A₄ represent the reaction force curve in ahypothetical case in which, instead of the clutch disk 24 with frictionlinings and lining spring arrangement, there is only a clutch disk 24with friction linings which are substantially rigid axially and alsorigidly held and whose axial thickness is so dimensioned that itcorresponds to the axial thickness of the clutch disk shown in FIG. 1 inthe fully compressed state of the lining spring arrangements 32, 34.This means that in comparison to the relaxed state of the clutch disk 24shown in FIG. 1, this imaginary clutch disk is thinner; as a result, thecorresponding imaginary slip point SP′ will also not occur until lateron and to this extent the force to be applied in segment A₃ is initiallymoved farther along the characteristic line K of the diaphragm spring38. When the imaginary slip point SP′ is reached, a substantially linearand very steep rise in the reaction force and in the force to be appliedby the roller elements 64 takes place along segment A₄. The cause ofthis steep rise substantially consists in that a deformation of thediaphragm spring 38 in its radial outer, substantially ring-shaped platearea or body area is no longer possible due to the blocking of thepressing plate 22 which then occurs preventing further axial movement,and the axial path which then occurs is caused substantially by adeformation in the area of the spring tongues 42, which then leads tothe corresponding force characteristic.

[0040] It can be seen from the shape of the two segments A₂ and A₄ thatthe curve or segment A₂ also passes into this curve A₄ shortly beforethe radial outermost position 1/1 of the roller elements 64 is reached.This occurs when the lining spring arrangements 32, 34 are substantiallyfully compressed and, to this extent, a further displacement of thepressing plate 22 is likewise impossible during further possible radialdisplacement of the roller elements 64. A deformation will also occursubstantially only in the area of the spring tongues 42 with thecorresponding force characteristic.

[0041] It will be seen from the preceding description that theengagement force which is required and which is to be applied by theroller elements 64 is substantially defined by the two segments A₁ andA₂ between the fully released position corresponding to actuation path0′ and the fully engaged position corresponding to the radial outermostposition 1/1 of the roller elements 64. This curve of the engagementforce will result with a corresponding increase in rotational speed whenthe reaction forces on the one hand and the relative angle ofinclination of the supporting areas 66, 70 and the mass of the rollerelements 64 on the other hand are configured in a corresponding manner.

[0042] It can also be seen from the graph in FIG. 8 that at least forceF_(v) must be applied initially by the roller elements 64 in order tomove the pressing plate 22 in the engagement direction at all and,further, at least force F₀ must be applied in order to bring thefriction clutch or pressure plate assembly 10 into a state in which itbegins to transmit torque. This means that a considerable part of thetotal force to be applied is not invested in the coupling torque per se,but is needed to move the clutch far enough for it to transmit a torqueat all. However, this is also significant in that it can be ensured inthis way that the clutch is adjusted in the engagement direction and inthe torque transmitting direction only after a determined rotationalspeed and a correspondingly large centrifugal force. However, thecharacteristic line K with its gradient decreasing in the clutchengagement direction likewise ensures that, for example, after theactuation path SP, that is, after the slip point, a greater proportionof the force which then continues to be applied can be used for theactual generation of torque because of the smaller rise in the reactionforce generated by the diaphragm spring 38.

[0043]FIG. 9 shows the curve of the pressing force depending on therotational speed in the clutch described in the preceding. It will beseen that in this case initially the pressing force is actually zero upto a rotational speed of N₁, which means that the reaction forcesmentioned in the preceding must first be overcome. The rise in thepressing force and engagement force starts after rotational speed N₁which, as the rotational speed increases, corresponds to the movement ofthe roller elements 64 radially outward along the associated supportingareas 66, 70. At rotational speed N₂, the centrifugal force is of such amagnitude that the roller elements 64 achieve the transition to segment108 of smaller relative inclination in the first supporting areas 66.When the, e.g., kink-shaped transition is exceeded, the force preventingthe roller elements 64 from moving toward the radial outside decreasesspontaneously. As a result, the roller elements then spontaneously moveradially outward at rotational speed N₂ resulting in a correspondinglyspontaneous rise in the pressing force. After this sudden displacementtoward the radial outside, however, the roller elements 64 are preventedfrom further radial movement so that the supporting element 68 can alsonot be displaced farther axially and to this extent no change in thepressing force takes place as rotational speed increases. When therotational speed decreases again, for example, from a rotational speedin excess of rotational speed N₂, there is still no displacement of theroller elements 64 toward the radial inner side initially whenrotational speed N₂ is reached because, as a result of the appreciablysmaller relative inclination of the supporting areas 66, 70 in thisradial outer area, the reaction forces which are directed in the clutchreleasing direction can not yet compel a corresponding radialdisplacement. It is only when rotational speed N₃ is reached, which isappreciably less than N₂ and, for example, can be somewhat greater thanrotational speed N₁, that the centrifugal force has decreased enough sothat the wedge effect in the area of the smaller relative inclinationangle is now also great enough that the roller elements 64 roll radiallyinward in a compulsory manner. In the transition to the area of thegreater relative inclination angle of the two supporting areas 66, 70,the wedge effect and the force component which is directed radiallyinward increase spontaneously in a corresponding manner so that theroller elements 64 again move radially inward substantiallyspontaneously or very quickly and the pressing force accordinglydecreases correspondingly rapidly.

[0044] Of course, different variations can be provided in theabove-described pressure plate assembly 10 and in a centrifugal clutchhaving the latter without diverging from the essential principle of theinvention. For example, the supporting areas 66, 70 can, of course, beinclined in the same direction, but at different angles, while retainingthe approach thereto radially outward with respect to the axis ofrotation A. As was already indicated, the wear compensation device couldalso be constructed differently as long as the basic advantage and basiceffective force characteristic is achieved, that is, as long as thediaphragm spring 38 and therefore also the plate-like supporting element68, and along with the latter the roller elements 64, basically remainin the same operating position corresponding to the respective operatingspeeds also when wear occurs and occurring wear can not result, forexample, in a shifting of the slip point due to decreasing thickness ofthe friction linings 28, 30.

[0045] Further, it is possible, of course, that the above-describedaspect of preventing tilting of the plate-like supporting element 68 canalso be realized when using an element of another kind to support theroller elements 64. In this case, it would be conceivable to support theroller elements 64 at the housing part 16 on one hand and at thepressing plate 22 on the other hand while omitting the supportingelement 68, which means that the second supporting areas 70 would beprovided at the pressing plate 22. In this case, the pressing plate 22could be guided at the housing arrangement 12, for example, by the guidesleeve 90 in a correspondingly precise manner and without thepossibility of tilting with respect to the axis of rotation. It shouldalso be noted that the arrangement shown herein entails various basicadvantages. For one, the radial path length for the roller elements 64can be appreciably increased by introducing the supporting element 68,which involves the use of correspondingly smaller relative inclinationangles and therefore also a clearly improved metering of the frictionclutches depending on rotational speed. Further, the use of an actuationforce transmitting element, e.g., the diaphragm spring 38, which acts inprinciple like a lever has the basic advantage that a transmission offorce is generated which is approximately 1:6 in the present example.This means that a clutch of this type is also particularly suitable whencomparatively large coupling torques are required. Further, as a resultof this force multiplication, the spring tongues 32 must also be furtheraxially displaced radially inward in order to force a determined axiallift of the pressing plate 22, which likewise contributes to anappreciably improved metering of a clutch system of the type describedabove.

[0046] Because of the manner of functioning described above and thepressing force and engagement force resulting in dependence onrotational speed and the force hysteresis when the rotational speeddrops below N₂, it is ensured that the clutch remains fully engaged evenwhen the rotational speed of the drive unit temporarily falls below thisrotational speed N₂, e.g., when driving up hills, and it is accordinglyensured, especially in these high load states, that a correspondinglyhigh driving torque or the full driving torque can be transmittedwithout slippage and without excessive loading of the clutch.

[0047] Further, by dividing the housing arrangement 12 into the twohousing parts 14, 16, it is possible to provide a defined clutchengagement characteristic, particularly in the clutch area responsiblefor the centrifugal force function, through the selection of a housingpart 16. In this case, for example, housing parts 16 with differentinclinations of the supporting areas 66 with respect to the axis ofrotation A and accordingly also with respect to the supporting areas 70can be used in order to achieve a correspondingly adapted clutchengagement behavior in this manner.

[0048] The diaphragm spring 48 can be installed in such a way that thecharacteristic line K shown in FIG. 8 results in that a diaphragm springhaving a substantially sinusoidal characteristic line in a manner knownper se is so designed or is held under pretensioning in such a way thata correspondingly rising segment of the sinusoidal curve is used in thecentrifugal clutch according to the invention. By preventing a fallingcharacteristic curve of the diaphragm spring 38 with increasingactuation path in the engagement direction, the occurrence of unstablestates or local energy minima in the radial adjusting path of the rollerelements 64 is prevented.

[0049] Of course, each of the three aspects mentioned above, namely, thepositive guidance for the supporting element and any element which isaxially displaceable through the displacement of the rollers, providingwear compensation and the decreasing gradient of the diaphragm springcharacteristic line is important in terms of its relevance to theinvention by itself or in combination with any other of these aspects orother features described above.

[0050] Thus, while there have shown and described and pointed outfundamental novel features of the invention as applied to a preferredembodiment thereof, it will be understood that various omissions andsubstitutions and changes in the form and details of the devicesillustrated, and in their operation, may be made by those skilled in theart without departing from the spirit of the invention. For example, itis expressly intended that all combinations of those elements and/ormethod steps which perform substantially the same function insubstantially the same way to achieve the same results are within thescope of the invention. Moreover, it should be recognized thatstructures and/or elements and/or method steps shown and/or described inconnection with any disclosed form or embodiment of the invention may beincorporated in any other disclosed or described or suggested form orembodiment as a general matter of design choice. It is the intention,therefore, to be limited only as indicated by the scope of the claimsappended hereto.

What is claimed is:
 1. A centrifugal clutch, comprising: a housing whichis rotatable about an axis, said housing having a plurality of firstsupporting areas which each extend radially with respect to said axis; apressing plate which is axially movable with respect to said housing andis coupled to said housing for rotation about said axis; a supportingmember which is axially movable with respect to said housing, saidsupporting member having a plurality of second supporting areas whicheach extend radially with respect to said axis, each said second supportarea being separated from a respective said first support area by anaxial distance which decreases with radial distance from the axis; aplurality of centrifugal members supported between respective pairs offirst and second support areas, each said centrifugal member beingradially displaceable by centrifugal force along the respective pair ofsupport areas to exert force in a clutch engaging direction along aforce transmission path between the supporting member and the pressingplate; and a guide arrangement which guides the supporting member duringaxial movement of the supporting member with respect to the housing. 2.A centrifugal clutch as in claim 1 wherein said guide arrangementcomprises a first guide member which is fixed with respect to saidhousing, and a second guide member which is fixed with respect to saidsupporting member, said second guide member being axially displaceablein the first guide member.
 3. A centrifugal clutch as in claim 2 furthercomprising a bearing between the first guide member and the second guidemember.
 4. A centrifugal clutch as in claim 2 wherein at least one ofsaid guide members is constructed as a sleeve.
 5. A centrifugal clutchas in claim 1 wherein the supporting member comprises a supportingelement which is constructed separately from the pressing plate, furthercomprising an actuating force transmission arrangement between thepressing plate and the supporting element.
 6. A centrifugal clutch as inclaim 5 wherein the actuating force transmission arrangement exerts aforce on the supporting element in a clutch releasing direction.
 7. Acentrifugal clutch as in claim 1 wherein the pressing plate forms thesupporting member.